Explore key scientific chapters which are published and/or upcoming. They encompass a diverse array of scholarly work that contributes to scientific discourse.
This chapter explores the evolution of BRICS, an alliance originally formed by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, and its growing significance in global affairs. While BRICS has achieved progress in economic development, including the establishment of a Development Bank, it also faces challenges such as differing economic structures, infrastructure gaps, and geopolitical tensions among its members. With the addition of Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in 2024, BRICS is set to increase its influence due to its vast economic potential, large populations, and control of crucial resources. This chapter examines the potential global impact of this expanded BRICS bloc, applying the geopolitical theories of Nicholas Spykman and Halford Mackinder. Spykman’s Rimland theory suggests that controlling coastal regions of Eurasia is key to global power, while Mackinder’s Heartland theory argues that dominance over central Eurasia is crucial for world control. This chapter contends that BRICS exemplifies both theories, particularly through the strategic Sino-Russian partnership, which positions the organization to challenge the Western-dominated global order like never before.
